The National Aquatic Animal of India is The Ganges River Dolphin, also known as “Susu” or “Sihuns”.
As one of India’s national symbols, this fascinating creature represents a vital part of the country’s heritage and biodiversity. Found in the river systems of Ganga, Brahmaputra, Meghna, and Karnaphuli-Sangu, spanning Nepal, India, and Bangladesh, the Ganges River Dolphin is a cherished inhabitant of these waters.
Why the Ganges River Dolphin is India’s National Aquatic Animal
The designation of the Ganges River Dolphin as the National Aquatic Animal of India was an essential step taken to safeguard it from the risk of extinction. Additionally, these dolphins serve as a reflection of the Ganga River’s health, making their preservation even more critical. The declaration was made during the inaugural meeting of the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) in 2009.
Here are a few reasons why the Ganges River Dolphin holds this title:
- Ecological Significance
The Ganges River Dolphin is a top predator in its habitat and plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of the freshwater ecosystem. - Endangered Status
The species is classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to habitat loss, pollution, and fishing activities. By recognizing the Ganges River Dolphin as the National Aquatic Animal, India is signaling its commitment to conservation efforts and the protection of its aquatic environments. - Indicator Species
The health of the Ganges River Dolphin population is an indicator of the overall health of the river ecosystems it inhabits. Protecting the dolphin helps to safeguard the larger environment and the many species that depend on it. - Cultural and Traditional Significance
The Ganges River is a sacred waterway in India, playing a vital role in the cultural and spiritual lives of millions of people. The Ganges River Dolphin is part of that cultural heritage and is also seen as a symbol of purity and resilience. - Public Awareness and Education
Designating the Ganges River Dolphin as India’s National Aquatic Animal helps raise awareness about the need for conservation efforts and the protection of freshwater ecosystems across the country.
By naming the Ganges River Dolphin as its National Aquatic Animal, India highlights its commitment to environmental protection, conservation, and the preservation of its natural heritage.
Video on Aquatic Animals for Kids
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Facts about the Ganges River Dolphin
Aspirants preparing for the UPSC 2023 examination should familiarize themselves with some essential and amazing animal facts such as the National Aquatic Animal of India – the Ganges River Dolphin. Here are some interesting details:
1. Found Exclusively in Freshwater. The Ganges River Dolphin is endemic to the river Ganga, dwelling exclusively in freshwater environments.
2. Apex of the Aquatic Food Chain. As a dominant species, the Ganges River Dolphin holds a significant position at the apex of the aquatic food chain.
3. Unique Names. These dolphins are known by various names, including Susu, Shushak, Side Swimming Dolphin, and Blind Dolphin due to their distinct characteristics.
4. Whistle-Like Communication. The South Asian River Dolphins, including the Ganges River Dolphin, communicate through whistles, earning them the nickname “Susu.”
5. Conservation Efforts. To secure a future for this endangered species, the World Wide Fund for Nature – WWF-India, initiated the Dolphin Conservation Programme. Several stretches, including Ganga River and Chambal River, were chosen for these efforts.
6. Mythological Connection. In Indian mythology, the Dolphin is considered the vehicle of Goddess Ganga, adding to its cultural significance.
7. Endangered Status. The Ganges River Dolphin is listed as “Endangered” on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts.
Life Cycle of the Ganges River Dolphin
The Ganges River Dolphin, also known as the Gangetic dolphin, has a life cycle similar to other freshwater dolphins. Here are the key stages of its life cycle:
- Birth
The Ganges River Dolphin, also known as the Gangetic dolphin, has a life cycle similar to other freshwater dolphins. Here are the key stages of its life cycle: - Infancy
After birth, the calf remains close to its mother for feeding and protection. The mother nurses the calf with her milk and provides care for its early development. - Juvenile
As the calf grows, it begins to explore its surroundings and learn the skills needed for survival. Juveniles remain dependent on their mothers for several years before becoming independent. - Maturity
The age at which Ganges River Dolphins reach sexual maturity is estimated to be around 6 to 10 years for females and slightly later for males. This can vary depending on environmental factors and individual growth rates. - Reproduction
Once sexually mature, Ganges River Dolphins can begin to reproduce. The breeding season varies depending on the region and environmental conditions. - Lifespan
The average lifespan of the Ganges River Dolphin is estimated to be around 20 to 28 years in the wild, though some individuals may live longer under optimal conditions.
Throughout its life cycle, the Ganges River Dolphin faces numerous challenges, including threats from habitat loss, pollution, and human interference. Conservation efforts are crucial to ensure the survival of this species and the health of its freshwater habitats.
Unique Features of the Ganges River Dolphin
The Gangetic Dolphin exhibits several unique physical traits, distinguishing it from other cetaceans. These features include:
| Unique Features | Description |
| Sturdy and Flexible Body | Large flippers and a low triangular dorsal fin contribute to their strong and adaptable physique. |
| Long, Pointed Snout | This feature helps them catch shrimp and fish by probing the riverbed with their beak. |
| Echolocation | With eyes lacking a lens, these dolphins rely on echolocation to navigate and catch prey by emitting ultrasonic sounds. |
| Sexual Dimorphism | Female dolphins are generally larger than males, reaching a maximum length of around 2.70 meters compared to 2.12 meters for males. |
| Endemic to Indian Rivers | The Ganges River Dolphin is primarily found in the river systems of India and is closely associated with the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers. |
| Declining Population | The species is endangered due to habitat degradation, pollution, and fishing activities, making conservation efforts essential. |
| Solitary Nature | Ganges River Dolphins are generally solitary creatures, coming together only during breeding season. |
The Ganges River Dolphin’s unique features not only set it apart from other aquatic mammals but also emphasize the importance of conserving this endangered species. Their distinct adaptations and behaviors highlight the need to protect their river habitats for future generations.
Threats to the National Aquatic Animal
Unfortunately, the Ganges River Dolphin faces various threats, endangering its survival:
- Human-Animal Conflict. Conflicts between humans and dolphins arise from competition over fishing grounds, leading to accidental killings and injuries.
- Poaching and Killing. The demand for the oil and meat of the Ganges River Dolphin contributes to deliberate killings and poaching throughout their range.
- Habitat Degradation. Dams and barrages restrict migration patterns, while water extraction for irrigation decreases water levels and disrupts their habitat.
- Pollution. Industrial and agricultural runoff introduces toxic chemicals and pollutants into their habitats, affecting the health and survival of the dolphins.
- Overfishing. Unsustainable fishing practices, including gill nets, can trap and harm dolphins, reducing their numbers.
- Climate Change. Altered weather patterns, rising water temperatures, and changing water flow due to climate change pose additional challenges to their survival.
- Loss of Prey Base. Changes in fish populations due to overfishing and habitat disruption affect the food sources available to the Ganges River Dolphin.
The threats facing the Ganges River Dolphin are diverse and urgent. Addressing these issues is crucial for the conservation and survival of this unique and endangered species.
Conservation of the Ganges River Dolphin
The Ganges River Dolphin, recognized as India’s National Aquatic Animal, plays a key role in maintaining the health and balance of the country’s freshwater ecosystems. This unique species faces various threats, including habitat degradation and human-animal conflict, which necessitate targeted conservation measures.
By prioritizing the protection of the Ganges River Dolphin, we can preserve one of India’s most valuable natural treasures. Through sustainable practices and collaborative efforts, we can ensure the continued survival of these remarkable creatures, contributing to the rich biodiversity of India’s river systems for generations to come.
WWF-India’s Conservation Efforts
Organizations like WWF-India have been at the forefront of conservation efforts to protect the Ganges River Dolphin and its habitat. Through various initiatives, WWF-India aims to raise awareness about the importance of preserving this endangered species.
The Dolphin Conservation Programme focuses on creating protected areas and safe corridors for the dolphins to thrive. By collaborating with the Uttar Pradesh Forest Department, WWF-India has conducted extensive surveys using the Tandem Boat Method to monitor the dolphin population and their habitats.
1. Mitigating Human-Dolphin Conflicts
To reduce human-dolphin conflicts, awareness programs have been implemented to educate local communities about the significance of preserving these magnificent creatures. Sustainable fishing practices and eco-friendly measures are being promoted to minimize accidental killings and habitat degradation.
2. Protecting the Habitat
The construction of dams and barrages has been a major concern, hindering the migration of Ganges River Dolphins and fragmenting their population. Conservation efforts involve advocating for ecologically sensitive dam construction and the implementation of fish-friendly turbines to facilitate dolphin movement.
3. Government Initiatives
The Indian government recognizes the need for protecting the Ganges River Dolphin. The list of species under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, making it illegal to hunt or trade them. By enforcing stringent laws and regulations, the government aims to deter poaching and protect the species from illegal trade.
4. Spreading Awareness
Creating awareness among people, especially the younger generation, is crucial for fostering a sense of responsibility towards our environment. Educational programs and campaigns are essential to instill a deep understanding of the importance of preserving biodiversity, including the National Aquatic Animal of India.
How Can an Individual Participate in Protecting Wildlife?
Individuals can play a crucial role in protecting wildlife, including endangered species like the Ganges River Dolphin, by taking a few simple yet impactful actions. Supporting conservation organizations through donations or volunteering can contribute to ongoing efforts to protect habitats and species. Additionally, making eco-friendly choices in daily life, such as reducing water usage, properly disposing of waste, and avoiding single-use plastics, helps maintain healthier environments for wildlife.
Educating others about the importance of preserving wild animals can also make a difference. Sharing knowledge about the threats facing species and promoting awareness of conservation initiatives encourages collective responsibility. By taking these steps, individuals can actively participate in safeguarding the future of wildlife and preserving the natural wonders of the world.
FAQ on the Ganges River Dolphin
1. What is the national aquatic animal of India?
Ans. The Ganges River Dolphin.
2. What is the scientific name of the Ganges River Dolphin?
Ans. Platanista gangetica.
3. Where is the Ganges River Dolphin primarily found?
Ans. In the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna river systems, as well as Karnaphuli and Sangu rivers.
4. When was the Ganges River Dolphin first identified?
Ans. In 1801.
5. Why was the Ganges River Dolphin named India’s national aquatic animal?
Ans. To protect it from extinction.
6. When was the Ganges River Dolphin declared India’s national aquatic animal?
Ans. In 2009.
7. Which organization made the declaration about the national aquatic animal?
Ans. The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA).
8. Why is the Ganges River Dolphin important for the Ganges River?
Ans. It reflects the health of the river’s ecosystem.
9. What is the conservation status of the Ganges River Dolphin?
Ans. Endangered.
10. What countries have the Ganges River Dolphin in their river systems?
Ans. India, Nepal, and Bangladesh.
Some Other Amazing Fatcs
Final Thought
The Ganges River Dolphin, the National Aquatic Animal of India, holds a unique place in our cultural and ecological heritage. As an apex predator in the aquatic ecosystem, it plays a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance of our rivers. However, with increasing human activities and habitat degradation, their survival is at risk.
Preserving this majestic species requires collective efforts from governments, organizations, and individuals alike. By supporting conservation initiatives, advocating for eco-friendly practices, and raising awareness about the plight of these dolphins, we can secure their future and maintain the beauty and diversity of our nation’s waterways.
As citizens of India, it is our duty to protect our national treasure – the Ganges River Dolphin. Together, let us take steps towards a sustainable future where these enchanting creatures can continue to thrive and grace our rivers for generations to come.
